Which health problems are common in the German Shepherd?
German Shepherds are prone to hip and elbow problems, ear and skin trouble and, in older dogs, a slow weakness of the back legs. Hip and elbow X-rays, a DNA test for degenerative myelopathy and a lean weight help the most.
Updated November 9, 2026
What should German Shepherd owners watch for?
Common for the breed doesn't mean your dog will have it.
- Hips and elbows. Hip and elbow dysplasia and later arthritis are common in the breed. Stiffness after rest, limping or trouble on stairs are the signs.
- Ears. Ear infections are common. Head shaking, scratching or a smell from the ear are the signs.
- Back legs. Degenerative myelopathy slowly weakens the back legs from middle age. Knuckling paws, swaying or scuffed toes are the first signs.
- Digestion. Diarrhoea is one of the most common problems in the breed. Loose stools that go on, or weight loss, need a vet check.
- Skin. Skin problems, from allergies to cysts, are common. Itching, licking or new lumps are worth a vet check.
Which checkups do vets often suggest?
| Checkup | What it is | When |
|---|---|---|
| Hip X-ray | X-ray of the hips, usually under sedation, to check for dysplasia. Schemes take it from 1 year of age in the UK and 2 in the US; ask your vet when. | From 1 year · Once |
| Elbow X-ray | X-ray of the elbows, usually under sedation, to check for dysplasia. Schemes take it from 1 year of age in the UK and 2 in the US; ask your vet when. | From 1 year · Once |
| DNA test for degenerative myelopathy | A cheek swab or blood test for the gene variant linked to the disease. Done once, at any age. It shows risk, not certainty. | Once |
Your vet decides which checkups fit your pet, and when.
How do I keep a German Shepherd health record?
VetVitae, a free pet health record app for iPhone, Android and the web, shows these notes on your dog’s profile under Health, and Plan it opens the exam or test with its name filled.
For vaccines, parasites and the signs that can’t wait, see the dog care guide.
This guide is general information, not veterinary advice. Your vet knows your pet.
Sources
- Demography and disorders of German Shepherd Dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK, O'Neill et al., Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 2017
- Herding group health testing requirements, American Kennel Club
- Recommended tests for German Shepherd Dog, Orthopedic Foundation for Animals
- German Shepherd Dog, Breed health and Breed Watch, The Royal Kennel Club
- Degenerative Myelopathy in Dogs, VCA Animal Hospitals
- Hip Dysplasia Scheme, British Veterinary Association
- Elbow Dysplasia Scheme, British Veterinary Association
Start a record for your pet.
Add your pet, log the last vaccine, and you're set up. Use it in your browser, on iPhone or on Android.